实验三-七大分子物质的水解实验和IMVIC实验.pptVIP

实验三－七  大分子物质的水解实验和IMVIC实验 一、教学要求 了解微生物一些生化反应的原理及其在微生物鉴定中的应用。 二、简介 To identify bacteria, we must rely heavily on biochemical testing. The types of biochemical reactions each organism undergoes act as a thumbprint for its identification. This is based on the following chain of logic: 三 材料与器材 菌种：枯草芽胞杆菌，大肠杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，普通变形杆菌(Proteus vularis). 培养基：固体油脂培养基，固体淀粉培养基，明胶培养基试管，石蕊牛奶试管，尿素琼脂试管. 试剂：革兰染色用卢戈氏碘液. 无菌平板，无菌试管，接种环、接种针等. 五 注意事项 在进行糖发酵培养基接种时，要注意防止倒置的小管进入气泡。 配柠檬酸盐培养基时，要注意调节好pH；另外，接种时要适当加大接种量。 六 思考题 试设计一种可用于蛋白酶产生菌株初筛的筛选模型。 产气肠杆菌也可发酵葡萄糖产生有机酸，但其甲基红反应却为阴性。试分析其原因。 * * Each different species of bacterium has a different molecule of DNA (i.e., DNA with a unique series of nucleotide bases). Since DNA codes for protein synthesis, then different species of bacteria must, by way of their unique DNA, be able to synthesize different protein enzymes. Enzymes catalyze all the various chemical reactions of which the organism is capable. This in turn means that different species of bacteria must carry out different and unique sets of biochemical reactions. When identifying a suspected organism, you inoculate a series of differential media After incubation, you then observe each medium to see if specific end products of metabolism are present. This can be done by adding indicators to the medium that react specifically with the end product being tested, giving some form of visible reaction such as a color change. The results of these tests on the suspected microorganism are then compared to known results for that organism to confirm its identification. 1、Macromolecules hydrolysis Exoenzymes diastase（amylase）、protease、 lipase endoenzymes Starch hydrolysis Some bacteria are capable of using starch as a source of carbohydrate but in order to do this, they must first hydrolyze or break down the starch so it may enter the cell. The bacterium secretes an exoenzyme which hydrolyzes the starch by breaking the bonds between the glucose molecules. This enzyme is called a diastase（amy