副词“还”语义网络系统的形成和发展.pdfVIP

摘 要 还 是现代汉语中的高频副词 义项繁多 用法复杂 灵活 为了准确理 解和掌握这个副词 有必要理清其义项之间的联系 前人对 还 的研究大多着 重于现代汉语平面上的共时用法 本文强调从语言历史的角度 采用历时和共时 相结合的研究方法 根据历时语言资料分析 还 的语义变化 本文主旨是通过 还 的历时演变从根本上寻找其现有义项之间的联系 从而为其建立一个有层 次的语义网络系统 并从中寻找出其语义网络形成的机制和原因 文章首先归纳出现代汉语中副词 还 的六大义项 然后转入对这六大义项 产生历史的追溯 根据 还 的语义演变特征 将其语义演变史分为三个阶段 第一阶段是实词虚化 还 由动词直接虚化出表示 转折 和 重复 的副词 第二阶段是虚词虚化 由 重复 义衍生出 添加 和 延续 两个义项 这两 个义项成为现代汉语中副词 还 的基本用法 第三阶段 虚词进一步虚化 主观化 添加 和 延续 各自延伸出一系列带有主观性的引申用法 这样 还 的各项语义就构成了一个有层次的网络系统 文章最后归纳了这个语义网络系统 形成的机制和原因 关键字 语义网络系统 共时 历时 虚化 主观化 虚化机制 1 Abstract hai is a high-frequency adverb in modern Chinese, which has various senses and complex uses. In order to comprehend and master it exactly, one should make clear the relation between its senses. Previous studies on this adverb focused on its synchronic uses. This thesis examines the development of the various senses of hai throughout the history. Both synchronic and diachronic methods are used in this thesis. The major idea of the thesis is searching for the relation among various senses of hai through its semantic changes, so as to build a semantic-net which has different levels, and to find out the mechanism and cause which result in forming the semantic-net. In this thesis, firstly, the senses of hai in modern Chinese are grouped into six classes, then the development process of these senses are illustrated. Based on hai’s special development characteristic, its development process includes three phases “zhuan zhe” and “chong fu” come into being in the first phase; “tian j ia”and “yan xu” come from “chong fu” in the second phase, which become the basic uses in modern Chinese; a series of subjective extension uses co