机械制造及自动化专业外文翻译--特种加工工艺.docVIP

外文译文： Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes The human race has distinguished itself from all other forms of life by using tools and intelligence to create items that serve to make life easier and more enjoyable. Through the centuries, both the tools and the energy sources to power these tools have evolved to meet the increasing sophistication and complexity of mankinds ideas. In their earliest forms, tools primarily consisted of stone instruments. Considering the relative simplicity of the items being made and the materials that were being shaped,stone was adequate. When iron tools were invented, durable metals and more sophisticated articles could be produced. The twentieth century has seen the creation of products made from the most durable and, consequently, the most difficult-to-machine materials in history. In an effort to meet the manufacturing challenges created by these materials, tools have now evolved to include materials such as alloy steel, carbide, diamond, and ceramics A similar evolution has taken place with the methods used to power our tools. Initially, tools were powered by muscles; either human or animal. However as the powers of water, wind, steam, and electricity were harnessed, mankind was able to further extend manufacturing capabilities with new machines, greater accuracy, and faster machining rates. Every time new tools, tool materials, and power sources are utilized, the efficiency and capabilities of manufacturers are greatly enhanced. However as old problems are solved, new problems and challenges arise so that the manufacturers of today are faced with tough questions such as the following: How do you drill a 2-mm diameter hole 670-ram deep without experiencing taper or runout? Is there a way to efficiently deburr passageways inside complex castings and guarantee 100% that no burns were missed? Is there a welding process that can eliminate the thermal damage now occurring to my product? Since the 1940s, a revolution in