孩童的住院反應及其護理.pptVIP

Nursing considerations for the hospitalized child It is stressful for children of all ages and their families.第1段第2行 Hospitalized children are in an unknown environment, surrounded by strange people, equipment, and frightening sights and sounds. They are subjected to unfamiliar procedures, some of which are invasive, and may even have surgery. 第4行 Nurses need to provide support (before, during, and after hospitalization) 第2段第1行 影響兒童適應住院壓力的調節因子 Child’s perceptions of the event Availability of social support Child’s coping skills Individual risk factors Effects of illness and hospitalization on children and families P164 Children’s understanding of health and illness Their understanding is based primarily on their cognitive ability at various developmental stages and on previous experiences with health care professionals. Infancy、 Toddlerhood and Preschool age、 School age、 Adolescent Family responses to hospitalization P165 Infancy（ 1 years） 身心發展 learning through sensorimotor exploration developing attachment with primary care giver acguiring a sense of trust The concepts of illness Separation anxiety：protest、despair、denial（detachment） Stressors to the child Nursing intervention Nursing intervention P164 --Protest is viewed as a healthy response 第3段倒數第4行 --Parents should be encouraged to remain with and provide care to the hospitalized infants.（rooming-in） --primary nurse --self-comforting measure-pacifier --human touch, talking, stroking, singing, eye contact Toddlerhood and Preschool age（2-6 years） 身心發展 -- Preoperational --Autonomy v.s. shame and doubt (1-3y/o) --Initiative versus guilt (3-6y/o) The concepts of illness (1)? Understand illness but not its cause P164此段第1行 (2)? Two unrelated events may appear to have a cause-and-effect relationship (3)? May blame other people, event, or themselves for an illness 此段倒數第2行 (4)? Limited to names and locations of some body parts