容错视频编码与传输技术的研究.docVIP

容错视频编码与传输技术研究 摘要　随着无线网络和多媒体技术应用的广泛和深入，在不可靠信道上传输视频的需求日益增长，视频编码和传输中的错误控制问题已经引起了广泛关注。本文研究了容错在视频编解码与传输中的应用，包括基于编码端的容错、基于解码端的差错掩盖以及信源信道联合编码。基于编码端容错的主要做法是以添加适当的冗余信息来防止错误的扩散，减小错误造成的影响范围。但这会降低编码的效率，而在遇到传输错误时却能使解码端获得较好的视频质量。容错编码器的设计目标是以最小的冗余得到最大的容错效果。基于解码端的差错掩盖 error concealment 利用正确接收到的信息来估计或恢复由于传输问题丢失的数据。此外还对视频编码标准H.264/AVC的容错工具进行了介绍 关键词　容错视频编码　视频传输　差错掩盖　信源信道联合编码　H. 264/AVC Error Resilient Video Coding and Video Transmission Technology Abstract　With the development of wireless network and multimedia technology, error control technology in video coding and video transmission over lossy channels has been widely studied. This paper reviewed the error-resilient coding and transmission technology, including encoder based error resilience, decoder based error concealment, network based error control and joint source and channel coding. In error resilience, redundant information is added into the bit stream to confine the error propagation. Error concealment estimates or recovers the losing data making use of the character that most nature scenes change smoothly between neighbor blocks. Network based error control joint source and channel coding utilize the channel feedback information to guide the encoder to make an optimum decision. Additionally, error resilient tools in the latest video coding standard H.264/AVC and the preview of the future error resilient technology are also considered. Experiments indicate that the proposed error resilient methods are effective in video transmission over lossy channels. Keywords　error resilient coding, video transmission, error concealment, joint source and channel coding, H. 264/AVC 1　引言 视频领域的两大国际组织ISO-MPE与ITU已经相继推出了一系列视频压缩标准如MPEG-1、MPEG-2和MPEG-4以及H.261、H.263、H.264等，这些标准不断地提高了视频编码效率。与此同时，各种基于互联网的应用，特别是实时多媒体应用的快速增长使得网络基础设施常常处于超负荷工作状态。而且伴随着网络通信设施的改进，又会衍生出更新更高的应用需求[1]。人们越来越认识到，无论如何提高视频的压缩比，海量视频数据与有限的信道带宽始终是一对矛盾。 当前基于DCT的变换编码和基于VLC（Variable Length Coding 变长编码 技术熵编码极大地提高了信源编码的效率，但同时也使得视频流对于传输错误十分敏感。在不可靠信道如电话网和无线网络的情况下 图1所示的传输体系 ，信道出现突发噪声、随机噪声的可