儿童生物学.pptVIP

兒童生物學 林陳涌 國立台灣師範大學 教師的學習觀 The “Blank-Minded” Assumption: The learner‘s blank mind can be filled with teachers’ science. The “Teacher Dominance” Assumption: Although learners may have some conceptual view of a new science topic before being taught it, this understanding has little significance for learning and can be directly and easily replaced. The “Student Dominance” Assumption: Children‘s science views as sufficiently strong that they will persist and interact with science teaching. 重視學童的觀點 了解學童的觀點是教學的第一件事，也是第一重要的事。 知識重要與真值程度的相對性 教師的角色：說與聽 給學生機會表示自己的觀點 組織 挑戰 精緻 Children’s Science 學童的觀點如何影響學習 概念決定了觀察 證據無法使學生自覺是不適當的概念 觀察者有一個傾向只去觀察可以支持他自己觀點的實驗部份 概念決定了由老師、教科書等所提供的資訊 教學不保證能引導學生由他們自己的概念成為科學概念 學童的觀點如何影響學習 知覺 選擇 詮釋 晤 談 晤談的始祖--Piaget 常用的問法 in your own understanding in the way that you think about this 晤談的重點在於探究或挖掘學生的觀點, 不是一種封閉性的定義, 更不是以專家的立場進行機會教學 晤談法 Interview-about-instances It is used primarily to explore the concept which a child associates with a particular label, for example, plant. It stimulates conversation focusing on a concept, but the stimulus is an activity carried out with the student. 晤談法 Interview-about-events It is used to investigate children‘s view of everyday phenomena. They are presented to the children either through actual experience in the interview or by depicting them on cards. Patterns in Children‘s science Everyday language: Many words in science are used in an alternative way in everyday language. Often a student can listen to , or read a statement in science and make sense of it by using the everyday interpretation of the word. The interpretation is not the one intended by the teacher or textbook writer. Patterns in Children‘s science Self-centered and Human-centered viewpoint: Many very young children have very egocentric views of the world. By age nine or ten most children no longer adopt this strictly egocentric view but they still interpret and consider things in terms of human experiences and commonly held values. Patterns in C