八角金盘传粉昆虫及其访花行为【毕业论文】.docVIP

本科毕业论文 （20 届） 八角金盘传粉昆虫及其访花行为 专业：生物科学 目录 摘要 I Abstract II 引言 1 1 材料与方法 4 1.1 材料及样地 4 1.2 实验方法 4 1.2.1 繁育系统的检测 4 1.2.2 访花昆虫种类调查及访花行为观察 4 1.2.3 访花频率的记录观察 4 1.2.4 柱头可授性的检测 4 2 结果及分析 6 2.1 八角金盘的繁育系统 6 2.2 八角金盘的开花动态 6 2.3 访花及传粉昆虫的种类 6 2.4 主要传粉昆虫的访花频率日变化规律 6 2.5 主要传粉昆虫的访花行为与传粉 7 2.5.1 胡蜂的访花行为与传粉 7 2.5.2 蝇类的访花行为与传粉 8 3 讨论 9 4 结论 10 参考文献 11 传粉 13 译文原文 18 致谢 23 摘要 [摘要] 八角金盘为冬季开花植物，探讨其访花昆虫种类及访花行为对研究冬季开花植物的传粉生物学规律具有重要意义。通过对八角金盘(Fatsia japonica（Thunb.）Dccne. et Planch.)访花昆虫种类、访花频率、访花时间、访花行为进行初步研究。结果发现：八角金盘的传粉昆虫有2目、3科、3种，主要为金环胡蜂Vespa mandarinia Smith、斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇Scaeva pyrastri (L.)及大头金蝇Chrysomya (Compsomyia) megacephala(Fabricius,1784)；八角金盘提供的酬物主要为花粉与花蜜，食蚜蝇舔食其花粉与花蜜，而金环胡蜂与大头金蝇主要吮吸花蜜；金环胡蜂、大头金蝇及斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇的访花高峰均在10:30～14:30；斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇访花时间较长，5~10min，金环胡蜂访花时间较短，8~30s，大头金蝇访花时间最短只有3~5s。冬季开花植物访花昆虫特征表现为种类少，多为蜂类、蝇类，访花高峰多在中午前后。 [关键词] 八角金盘，传粉昆虫，访花行为，访花频率 Abstract [Abstract] Fatsia japonica is the plant blooming in winter. The study of pollinating insects and their flower-visiting behavior on Fatsia japonica helps better understanding of the pollination law of these kinds of plants blooming in winter. The species of the visiting insects to Fatsia japonica and their visiting frequency, time and behavior were observed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that the insects visiting to Fatsia japonica include 2 orders, 3families and 3 species. The mainly pollinating insects include Vespa mandarinia, Scaeva pyrastri and Chrysomya (Compsomyia) megacephala(Fabricius,1784). The visiting frequency is obviously different among three pollinating insects. The frequency peak of Vespa mandarinia and Chrysomya (Compsomyia) megacephala(Fabricius,1784) visiting to the plant appeared in the period of 10: 30 to 14: 30. Scaeva pyrastri fed on the nectar and the pollen of the plant and its visiting time is around 5 to 10 minutes while Vespa mandarinia and Chrysomya (Compsomyia) megacephala(Fabricius,1784) fed on the nectar and their visiting time is relatively shorter which is 8 to 30 seconds and 3 to 5 secon