English History 英美文化课件.ppt

English History British history has been a history of invasion  The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) Before 1066, invaders and settlers in Britain: Celts (700-200BC) Celts, a people who dominated much of western and central Europe in the 1st millennium BC, giving their language, customs, and religion to the other peoples of that area. They probably began to settle in the British Isles during 700 BC. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) Before 1066, invaders and settlers in Britain: Romans Julius Caesar (55BC-AD411) Julius?Caesar?invaded Britain in 55 BC. Britain became an imperial province of Rome, administered by Roman governors, and a military stronghold of the Roman army. The people of Britain benefited from Roman technology and cultural influences. Numerous towns were established, and these strongholds were linked by a vast network of military highways. At?the?end?of?the?3rd century, the Roman army began to withdraw from Britain to defend other parts of the Roman Empire and Roman civilization in Britain rapidly disintegrated. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) Before 1066, invaders and settlers in Britain: Angles, Saxons ( AD450-600) Angles and Saxons are Germanic tribes. Angles and Saxons invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. They formed the people who came to be known as the English. The name England is derived from them. The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) Before 1066, invaders and settlers in Britain: Vikings ( AD 800-1000) Around 800, Vikings raided the coasts of the British Isles and conquered much of northern England in the 9th century. They established a kingdom in Ireland. Because of their interest in commerce, the Vikings fostered urban growth, founding many cities and towns. Cities founded by the Vikings, such as York in England, emerged as prominent trade centers.  The Middle Ages( 4th century – 15th century ) After 1066 Norm