理解脑损伤(脑出血或脑溢血,脑梗塞,外伤性脑损伤等) understanding brain injury.pdfVIP

Table of Contents Brain Injury: Basic Facts 1 Anatomy of the Brain: The Basics 3 Scales, Tests and Diagnostic Measures 6 Glossary of Terms You May Hear 9 Questions Families Should Ask Their 11 Trauma Care Medical Team Expected Emotions and Helpful Coping Tips 12 Important Tips for the Days and Weeks 13 After the Injury or Diagnosis Steps to Negotiate the Insurance Maze 14 Helpful Resources, and Credible Organizations and Web Sites 16 Brain Injury: Basic Facts More than five million people in the United States live with the after-effects of brain injury. About 1.7 million people sustain new brain injuries each year. Brain injury, also called acquired brain injury, is any damage to the brain affecting a person physically, emotionally or behaviorally. Brain injuries can happen at birth, or later, from an illness or a trauma, and are called either traumatic or non-traumatic, depending on the specific cause. CAUSES Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Motor vehicle accidents Violence or gunshot wound Falls Military attack or bomb blast TBIs do not always include an open head wound, skull fracture or even a loss of consciousness. Non-Traumatic Brain Injury (NTBI) Involves no external force or action Stroke (leading cause) Other illness such as cancer Lack of oxygen Brain infections or inflammation Tumors Other infections Level of Severity used to describe both TBIs and NTBIs: n Mild, moderate or severe n Level is primarily determined by the length of loss of consciousness, as well as memory loss n Does not describe the expected outcomes in the patient’s life Continued on Next Page B R A I N I N J U R Y : B A S I C F A C