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The gender pay gap: Review and update.pdf
June2010,Volume9,No.6(SerialNo.84) China—USABusinessReview,ISSN 1537—1514,USA
Thegenderpaygap:Review andupdate
Donatus1Amaram
(SchoolofBusiness,VirginiaStateUniversity,PetersburgVA23806,USA)
Abstract:Thispaperexplorestheresearchbehindthewagegapbetweenmenandwomen,thereasonsfor
andextentofthegap,andstrategiesfordealingwithgenderpaydiscrepancies.Historically,genderdiscrimination
wasthetraditionaland easyexplanationforpay discrepancies,butmoreaggressiveenforcementofequalpay
legislationshasvirtuallydim inishedthevalidityofrationalizingtheexistenceofpaydifferencessolelyongender.
Statisticaldata surrounding thepay gap pointto otherfactorsasmore causalinstrumentsthatsustain and
perpetuatethegapinspiteofmorethanfortyyearsofenforcementofequalpaylegislations.Thechoiceswemake
seem topredictandexplaincurrentwagegapsbetterthanblatantgenderdiscriminationdoes,andpoliciesdirected
atimprovingthosechoicesappeartobebetterstrategictoolsinclosingthewagegap.
Keywords:genderwagegap;wagediscrimination;genderbias;occupationalchoices;educationalfields
1.Intr0ducti0n
Everyonehassomeopinionandpersonalbeliefaboutwhoispaidmoreandwhy.Despiterobustlegislative
remedies,thereisstillapay gapbetweenthegenders.Thispaperdoesnotdisputethisdifference,butrather
attemptstoshow thatthepaygapisnolongerprimarilycausedbygenderdiscrimination,butbychoiceswhich
menandwomenmakeinthejobmarketandelsewhere.Amongotherthings,thispapershowsthattherehasbeen
asignificantcompressioninthegapbetweentheaveragepayofbothgenders.Furthermore,giventhelevelof
arousalofconsciousnesstopaydiscriminationthroughpastandcurrentlegislations,itwouldbefoolhardyand
almostrecklessfor businessorganizationsto continue to discriminate in pay based on gender.Vigorous
enforcementoftheselegislationshasmadeiteasiertosubjectoffendingcompaniestolegalchallengesthatare
li
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