基础语法复习 五 动词2.docVIP

基础语法复习 五 动词2 动词非限定形式 动词在句中除了充当谓语之外，还可以起名词，形容词或副词的作用，在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，补语，定语和状语。这就是动词的非谓语形式。 动词非谓语形式有三种： 不定式 to+ 动词原形 分词 doing现在分词 done过去分词 动名词 doing形式与现在分词相同 动词非谓语形式不随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化，所以又称为非限定性动词。仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语，状语等构成短语。 动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化： 主动 被动 动词不定式 一般 To write To be written 进行 To be writing 完成 To have written To have been written 完成进行 To have been writing 现在分词和动名词 一般 Writing Being written 完成 Having written Having been written 过去分词 一般 written 动词的不定式 动词的不定式能起名词，形容词和副词的作用，充当谓语以外的各种成分。 做主语 To learn English is not an easy thing. 做宾语 He wants to visit Nanjing. 做宾补 I expect you to write to me. 做表语 Our task is to realize the modernization of our country. 做定语 Mary has a lot of typing to do . 做状语 He got up so early to catch the train. 另外：1。有些动词后面不定式不带to： make, let, hear, see, notice, feel, watch. Help。 We watched them play football。 不定式的完成式主要体现它所表现的动作发生在谓语动词表现的动作之前。但在plan, hope, expect, should, like之后，则表示没有实现的动作。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. He pretended to have read the book. Ha planned to have gone abroad. (He planned to go abroad but he didn’t.) I hoped to have seen her. 动词不定式的进行式表示主要动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的被动态表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。 They seem to be talking about sth important. The house to be built is for the teachers. The medical team asked to be sent to the front at once. 动名词 动名词起名词的作用，在句子中做主语，宾语，表语和定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以、有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 做主语 Playing football is my favorite sport. 做宾语 Would you mind opening the window? She is used to getting up early. 做表语 His work is teaching English. 做定语 He is in the reading room. (a room for reading) This is a swimming pool. (a pool for swimming) 另外： 动名词的否定形式 not+动名词 动名词的被动语态 being+过去分词 动名词的完成形式having+过去分词 Tom made his aunt angry by not taking his medicine. I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a small child. She denied having opened the box. 有些动词只能用动名词，有些动词后面只能用不定式，有些两者都能使用，但含义不相同。 这些动词后面只能用动名词 avoid consider delay deny dislike enjoy excuse fancy forgive finish imagine keep mind pardon post