土的压缩与固结 英文版.pptVIP

Compressibility and Consolidation of Soil (土的压缩与固结) Compaction Vs Consolidation (压实与固结的比较) Compaction Vs Consolidation (压实与固结的比较) What is consolidation? (什么是固结?) The need of consolidation theory (固结理论的重要性) consolidation test (单向固结试验) consolidation test (单向固结试验) Time – related consolidation (固结与时间关系) Effect of stress history (应力历史) Settlement (沉降) Immediate settlement (瞬时沉降) Primary consolidation (主固结沉降) The soil pore water（孔隙水） has dissipation(消散) and Effective stress after no longer increases but settlement is still growth over time. * In this lecture, we’ll learn Difference between consolidation (固结) and compaction (压实) One-dimensional consolidation test (单向固结试验) Normal and overconsolidated soils (正常与超固结土)，Pre-consolidation pressure (前期固结压力)，Overconsolidation ratio (超固结比) Immediate settlement (瞬时沉降)，Primary consolidation (主固结沉降)，Secondary consolidation (次固结沉降） Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory(太沙基-单向固结理论) What is the difference between compaction and consolidation? 压实与固结有什么的分别? 空气的体积减小 孔隙水的体积减小 Consolidation is a time-related (时间性) process of increasing the density (增加密度) of by draining some of the water out of the voids. Coarse-grained soils (粗粒土), such as sands and gravels, consolidate at a much faster rate than fine-grained soils (幼粒土) such as silts and clays. Tilting of Piza Tower is due to differential settlement (不平均沉降引起塔的倾斜) Two important questions for consolidation problems (两个重要问题) How much ? (沉降有多少) How long ? (时间有多久) Piza Tower, Italy Consolidation is a three-dimensional (三维) process, but the direction of flow of water is primarily vertical (主要在竖向) or one-dimensional (1-D). s’z vz (water flow) vx vy s’z vz Simplify 简单化 土样本 (竖向荷载) 侧向应变为零 Vertical settlement (竖向沉降) Oedometer (固结仪) Load – settlement curve or 1-D compression curve (单向压缩曲线) (水缸) For each load increment (每一个荷载增量) ?hf ??’f where OCR is overconsolidation ratio (超固结比), ?’v is current effective stress (现今有效应力) and ?’vmax is maximum past effective stres