上饶师范学院优质课建设资助项目.doc

上饶师范学院优质课程建设资助项目 有机化学实验问答 谢国豪 编 上饶师院化学系 前 言 有机化学实验是化学专业学生必修的基础课之一，也是化学实验中涉及仪器和装置相对较多、较复杂，对实验技能和技巧要求较高的一门专业基础实验。为了帮助学生更好地学习和掌握基础有机化学实验的基本知识、基本理论和基本技能技巧，加深对所学有机化学理论的理解，提高实验动手能力和实验效果。编者根据自己多年的实验教学实践，针对学生的实验情况和提出的问题，在同事的鼓励和帮助下对基础有机实验的一些问题作了较为详尽的解答并印发给学生使用。2000年又根据十多年来学生使用的情况进行了完善并印制了《有机化学实验问题解答》。由于2005年教学评估后学院实验条件的改善，实验内容有了较大的调整，这次又对《有机化学实验问题解答》进行了补充、修改和完善。 本解答可以作为学生学习基础有机化学实验的辅导材料，也可供教师指导有机化学实验时参考。 在编写、修改过程中曾得到本教研室所有同事的大力支持和帮助，在此一并致谢。 由于本人的水平有限，解答中难免有错误之处，敬请使用者予以批评指正。 编者 2007年7月 目　录 前言··························································································(ⅰ) 一、仪器及装置图的绘制·························································(1) 二、元素定性分析(钠熔法) ·················································(2) 三、熔点的测定·········································································(5) 四、蒸馏和微量法测沸点·························································(9) 五、水蒸汽蒸馏·······································································(14) 六、减压蒸馏···········································································(17) 七、分馏···················································································(19) 八、重结晶提纯法···································································(21) 九、萃取···················································································(28) 十、液态有机物折光率的测定···············································(33) 十一、薄层色谱和柱色谱························································(35) 十二、无水乙醇的制备····························································(40) 十三、乙醚的制备····································································(42) 十四、1-溴丁烷的制备····························································(45) 十五、三苯甲醇的制备····························································(49) 十六、苯片呐醇和苯片呐酮的制备········································(51) 十七、苯甲醇和苯甲酸的制备················································(53) 十八、肉桂酸的制备································································(54) 十九、甲基橙的制备···················