射频变压器.pdfVIP

RF Transformers RF transformers are widely used in low-power electronic circuits for impedance matching to achieve maximum power transfer, for voltage step-up or step-down, and for isolating dc from two circuits while maintaining ac continuity. They are also used for common mode rejection and as baluns. Essentially, an RF transformer consists of two windings linked by a mutual magnetic field. When one winding, the primary has an ac voltage applied to it, a varying flux is developed; the amplitude of the flux is dependent on the applied voltage and number of turns in the winding. Mutual flux linked to the secondary winding induces a voltage whose amplitude depends on the number of turns in the secondary winding. By designing the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, any desired step -up or step-down voltage ratio can be realized. Mutual coupling is accomplished simply with an air core but considerably more effective flux linkage is obtained with the use of a core of iron or ferromagnetic material with higher permeability than air. The relationship between voltage, current, and impedance between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer may be calculated using the following relationships. With reference to Figure 1, As an example, if Z equals 50 ohms and the turns ratio equals 2, the secondary impedance equals 200 ohms. In this case, the secondary voltage is twice the primary voltage and the secondary current is one- half the primary current. The basic phase relationship between the RF signals at the transformer input and output ports may be in - phase, 0 degrees, or out-of-phase, 180 degrees. Conventionally, the ports that are in-phase 1, and 3, are marked by dot notation as shown in Figure 2. Ports 1, 4 and 2, 3 are out-of-phase, 180 degrees. Mini-Circuits transformers are physically assembled by winding a pair of twisted wires around a ferrite toroidal core. The ends of the primary and secondary wires which leave th