耶鲁大学开放课程：进化,生态和行为原理13 Sexual SelectionSMI.docVIP

00:00:01 Prof: Okay. 咱们开始, 00:00:03 Tomorrow is Darwins birthday. 明天就是达尔文的生日了. 00:00:05 Its 200 years since he was born, on the same day as Abraham 达尔文诞生在200年前的明天,与林肯同一天. 00:00:09 Lincoln. 00:00:09 Astrologers have made a lot of the fact that both men were 虽然占卜学家们列举许多事实,说明男人和女人都反对奴隶制, 00:00:14 deeply opposed to slavery. 00:00:17 But today were going to talk about sexual selection. 但是,我们今天要谈的是性选择. 00:00:20 So this is a Valentines Day lecture. 其实就是情人节的话题!!! 00:00:22 Laughter 00:00:26 Sexual selection is actually a component of natural selection. 性选择其实是自然选择的一部分. 00:00:31 When Darwin looked at the extravagant plumage of the birds 当达尔文鸟类的极端特化的喙的时候, 00:00:34 that you just saw, he thought there has got to be 他就觉得,这东西是不是有什么特殊的用途. 00:00:38 something special going on here. 00:00:40 Crew talk 00:00:55 When he saw all of these extravagant behaviors, 当他看到这些很无用,甚至奢侈的行为时, 00:00:58 he thought there must be something else going on, 他觉得,这背后,在自然选择之外一定隐藏着些什么 00:01:01 besides natural selection, and thats because Darwin 因为,按照自然选择,简单地说,存活的总是恰当的. 00:01:03 thought that natural selection, in some sense, 00:01:05 was the survival of the fittest. 00:01:07 We now know that natural selection really is the survival 我们现在知道,自然选择实际上就是存活那些繁殖能力最强的, 00:01:10 of those that reproduce the best, 00:01:12 and that sexual selection is a component of natural selection 性选择是自然选择的一部分,是关于交配成功的自然选择. 00:01:16 that is associated with mating success. 00:01:18 So basically sexual selection is a case in which mating 简单地说,性选择就是交配成功和存活之间的权衡过程. 00:01:23 success is trading off with survival. 00:01:27 And to bring this home to you, as you sit here in your 18 to 记住这一点:这里的听众从18-45岁,什么年龄的都有, 00:01:34 45-year-old state-- there are various ages in the 00:01:39 audience-- Id like