电气工程与自动化专业英语 教学课件 作者 王伟 9.pptxVIP

9.1　Foundation9.1.1　Read Only Memory-ROM9.1.2　Random Access Memory-RAM9.1.3　Central Processing Unit-CPU9.1.4　Parallel Input/Output9.1.5　Serial Input/Output9.1.6　Timer/Counter Facilities9.1.7　Timing Components9.1　FoundationFig.9-1　A Harvard type9.1　FoundationFig.9-2　A conventional Princeton computer9.1　FoundationFig.9-3　Principal features of a microcomputer9.1.1　Read Only Memory-ROMROM is usually for the permanent, non-volatile storage of an applications program. Many microcomputers and micro controllers are intended for high-volume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be committed permanently during the manufacture of the chips. Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture. This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools.9.1.2　Random Access Memory-RAMRAM is for the storage of working variables and data used during program execution. The size of this memory varies with device type but it has the same characteristic width (4,8,16 bits, etc.) as the processor. Special function registers, such as a stack pointer or timer register are often logically incorporated into the RAM area. It is also common in Harvard type microcomputers to treat the RAM area as a collection of registers; it is unnecessary to make a distinction between RAM and processor register as is done in the case of a microprocessor system since RAM and registers are not usually physically separated in a microcomputer.9.1.3　Central Processing Unit-CPUThe CPU is much like that of any microprocessor. Many applications of microcomputers and single-chip microcomputers involve the handling of binary-coded decimal (BCD) data (for numerical displays, for example), hence it is common to find that the CPU is well adapted to handling this type of data. I