武汉大学 《分子生物学》2011年英文课件.pdf

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF GENE Prepared and presented by Dr. Xiaodong Zhang Office: College of Life Sciences 3112 Tel: 86-27 Email: zhangxd@whu.edu.cn For WHU Undergraduates (54 class hours) Summer semester, 2011 Chapter 9 The Mutability And Repair of DNA Main contents Replication errors and their repair Replication fidelity, proofreading, mismatch repair DNA damage (DNA损伤）deamination, oxidative damage, alkylation, bulky adducts, radiation, base analogs, intercalating agents DNA repair (DNA修复）Photoreaction, alkyltransferase, excision repair, mismatch repair, ds break repair, translesion DNA synthesis Life and biodiversity depends on a happy balance between mutation and its repair Too much mutations: Destroy species (germ line) Kill individuals (in somatic cells) No mutation: No driving force for evolution No new species including human No biodiversity The Sources of Mutation 1. Inaccuracy in DNA replication 2. Chemical Damage to the Genetic Material 3. Transposon Questions to be addressed 1. How is the DNA mended rapidly enough to prevent errors from becoming set in the genetic material as mutation? 2. How does the cell distinguish the parental strand from the daughter strand in repairing replication errors? 3. How does the cell restore the proper DNA sequence when the original sequence can no longer be read? 4. How does the cell deal with lesions that block replication? Topic 1: Replication errors and their repair Mutation 突变 Permanent, heritable alterations in the base sequence of DNA Reasons • Spontaneous errors in DNA replication (10-7) • A consequence of the damaging effects of physical or chemical mutagens on DN