管理信息系统13.ppt

Chapter 13 Decision Support Systems 13.2.1 Simon’s Types of Decisions Programmed decisions repetitive and routine have a definite procedure Nonprogrammed decisions Novel and unstructured No cut-and-dried method for handling problem Types exist on a continuum 13.2.2 Simon’s Problem Solving Phases Intelligence Searching environment for conditions calling for a solution Design Inventing, developing, and analyzing possible courses of action Choice Selecting a course of action from those available Review Assessing past choices Definitions of a Decision Support System (DSS) General definition - a system providing both problem-solving and communications capabilities for semistructured problems Specific definition - a system that supports a single manager or a relatively small group of managers working as a problem-solving team in the solution of a semistructured problem by providing information or making suggestions concerning specific decisions. 13.3 The DSS Concept Gorry and Scott Morton coined the phrase ‘DSS’ in 1971, about ten years after MIS became popular Decision types in terms of problem structure Structured problems can be solved with algorithms and decision rules Unstructured problems have no structure in Simon’s phases Semistructured problems have structured and unstructured phases 13.3.2 Alter’s DSS Types In 1976 Steven Alter, a doctoral student built on Gorry and Scott-Morton framework Created a taxonomy of six DSS types Based on a study of 56 DSSs Classifies DSSs based on “degree of problem solving support.” Levels of Alter’s DSSs Level of problem-solving support from lowest to highest Retrieval of information elements Retrieval of information files Creation of reports from multiple files Estimation of decision consequences Propose decisions Make decisions Importance of Alter’s Study Supports concept of developing systems that address particular decisions Makes clear that DSSs need not be restricted to a particular application type Three DSS Objectives 1