COA教案01.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th Edition Chapter 6 External Memory 外部存储器 Types of External Memory Magnetic Disk 磁盘 RAID Removable Optical 光盘 CD-ROM CD-Recordable (CD-R) CD-R/W DVD Magnetic Tape 磁带 §6.1 Magnetic Disk Disk substrate(底层) coated with magnetizable material (iron oxide…rust) Substrate used to be aluminium(铝) Now glass Improved surface uniformity(一致,均匀) Increases reliability(可靠性) Reduction in surface defects Reduced read/write errors Lower flight heights (See later)(较低的飞行高度) Better stiffness(硬度好) Better shock/damage resistance (震动/损坏) Read and Write Mechanisms：电磁互变 Recording and retrieval via conductive coil(感应线圈) called a head 磁头 May be single read/write head or separate ones During read/write, head is stationary(固定的), platter rotates Write 电变磁 Read (traditional) 磁变电 Inductive Write MR Read Data Organization and Formatting Concentric rings or tracks 同心圆/磁道 Gaps between tracks Reduce gap to increase capacity Same number of bits per track (variable packing density) Constant angular velocity 恒角速度 Tracks divided into sectors 扇区 Minimum block size is one sector May have more than one sector per block Disk Data Layout Disk Velocity磁盘速度Disk Layout Methods Diagram Finding Sectors Must be able to identify start of track and sector Format disk 格式化磁盘 Additional information not available to user Marks tracks and sectors ST506 format (old!) Characteristics Fixed (rare) or movable head Removable or fixed 可替换的 Single or double (usually) sided Single or multiple platter Head mechanism Contact (Floppy) Fixed gap Flying (Winchester) Fixed/Movable Head Disk 固定/可移动磁盘 Fixed head 固定磁头 One read write head per trac