Homology vs. Homoplasy.ppt

Homology vs. Homoplasy Homology is any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry Homoplasy occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common ancestor. Vertebrate limbs are homologous. Are bird and bat WINGS homologous? http://www.fs.fed.us * Homoplasy often results from convergent evolution. What type of characters do we use to determine evolutionary relationships? No, they are homoplasious. Which camera eyes are homologous? Which camera eyes are homologous? B,C,D Are the position of the eyes in C and D an example of homology or homoplasy? Are the position of the eyes in C and D an example of homology or homoplasy? Homoplasy. Can you think of other examples of homoplasy that result from convergent evolution? Marsupial thylacine and mammalian canids Similar skulls, sharp teeth, powerful jaws, raised heels and the same general body form Thylacine most closely related to Tasmanian devil Thylacine Timberwolf Turkey vulture Nubian vulture Old and New World Vultures Both eat carrion Old World vultures related to eagles, New World vultures related to storks Figure 4.4 Similar traits may not be homologous The pairs of species shown have similar traits even though they are not closely related. The octopus (a) and ray-finned fish (b) have camera eyes. The crocodile (c) and hippos (d) have skulls in which the eyes sit on top. These similarities are due to convergent evolution, not common ancestry. Figure 4.4 Similar traits may not be homologous The pairs of species shown have similar traits even though they are not closely related. The octopus (a) and ray-finned fish (b) have camera eyes. The crocodile (c) and hippos (d) have skulls in which the eyes sit on top. These similarities are due to convergent evolution, not common ancestry. Figure 4.4 Similar traits may not be homologous The pairs of species shown have similar traits even though they are not closely related. The octopus (a) and ray-finned fish (b) have camera eyes.