Lecture #9Date _____.ppt

Lecture #9 Date _____ Chapter 20~ DNA Technology Genomics O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95 Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s: 6.5 billion to 1 Odds of blood on socks in bedroom not being N. Brown-Simpson’s: 8.5 billion to 1 Odds of blood on glove not being from R. Goldman, N. Brown-Simpson, and O.J. Simpson: 21.5 billion to 1 Number of people on planet earth: 6.1 billion Odds of being struck by lightning in the U.S.: 2.8 million to 1 Odds of winning the Illinois Big Game lottery: 76 million to 1 Odds of getting killed driving to the gas station to buy a lottery ticket 4.5 million to 1 Odds of seeing 3 albino deer at the same time: 85 million to 1 Odds of having quintuplets: 85 million to 1 Odds of being struck by a meteorite: 10 trillion to 1 Recombinant DNA Def: DNA in which genes from 2 different sources are linked Genetic engineering: direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes Biotechnology: manipulation of organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products Bacterial plasmids in gene cloning DNA Cloning Restriction enzymes (endonucleases): in nature, these enzymes protect bacteria from intruding DNA; they cut up the DNA (restriction); very specific Restriction site: recognition sequence for a particular restriction enzyme Restriction fragments: segments of DNA cut by restriction enzymes in a reproducable way Sticky end: short extensions of restriction fragments DNA ligase: enzyme that can join the sticky ends of DNA fragments Cloning vector: DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a cell and replicate there (usually bacterial plasmids) Restriction Enzymes Steps for eukaryotic gene cloning Isolation of cloning vector (bacterial plasmid) gene-source DNA (gene of interest) Insertion of gene-source DNA into the cloning vector using the same restriction enzyme; bind the fragmented DNA with DNA ligase Introduction of cloning vector into cells (transformation by