Mendelian Genetics.pptVIP

Genetic Counseling If their first child is born with the disease, we know that John and Carol’s genotype must be Aa and they both are carriers. The chance that their next child will also have the disease is 1/4. Mendel’s laws are simply the rules of probability applied to heredity. (a) Amniocentesis (b) Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Ultrasound monitor Amnioticfluidwithdrawn Fetus Placenta Uterus Cervix Centrifugation Fluid Fetal cells Several hours Severalweeks Several weeks Biochemicaland genetictests Karyotyping Ultrasoundmonitor Fetus Placenta Chorionic villi Uterus Cervix Suctiontubeinsertedthroughcervix Several hours Fetal cells Several hours 1 1 2 2 3 Figure 14.UN07 George Arlene Sandra Tom Sam Wilma Ann Michael Carla Daniel Alan Tina Christopher * Figure 14.15 Pedigree analysis. * Figure 14.16 Albinism: a recessive trait. * Figure 14.19 Testing a fetus for genetic disorders. * Figure 14.UN07 Mendelian Genetics Genes and The Environment The product of a genotype is generally not a rigidly defined phenotype, but a range of phenotypic possibilities, the norm of reaction, that are determined by the environment. In some cases the norm of reaction has no breadth (for example, blood type). Norms of reactions are broadest for polygenic characters. For these multifactorial characters, the environment contributes to their quantitative nature. Sun (smaller) and shade leaves in a hosta Young Arnold Schwarzenegger Environment and intelligence tests Environmental influence – flower color in hydrangea – Blue color occurs in more acid soil Phenotype depends on the interaction of environment and genes – even identical twins accumulate phenotypic differences Mendelian Inheritance in Human Pedigree Analysis Key to reading Genetic pedigrees Key Male Female Affectedmale Affected female Mating Offspring 1stgeneration 2ndgeneration 3rdgeneration 1stgeneration 2ndgeneration 3rdgeneration Is a widow’s peak a dominant orrecessive trait? (a) Is an attached earl