地震保险 国际经验与中国思路.pdfVIP

地震保险：国际经验与中国思路 郑伟（北京大学经济学院，北京 100871） ［摘要］本文以 2008 年四川汶川大地震为背景，讨论保险在地震等巨灾风险管理中的角色，分析中国地 震保险的历史和现状，并在国际地震保险典型模式比较基础上，提出了中国地震保险制度构建的框架思考。 本文研究的主要结论是：保险在地震等巨灾风险管理中具有独特而重要的作用，但中国的巨灾保险却相当 落后；地震保险在中国的发展，总体而言十分有限，根源在于缺乏一套合理完整的地震保险制度安排；国 际地震保险典型模式虽然在模式类型、机构性质、强制或自愿、单项或综合等方面存在差异，但在灾害背 景、法律法规、核心机构、政府支持等方面却具有明显的相似性；中国地震保险制度构建，应当从法律法 规、核心机构、风险分担机制、条款费率设计、激励约束机制等五个方面进行整体框架规划。 ［关键词］地震保险；巨灾风险；国际经验；中国思路 ［中图分类号］F840.64［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1004-3306（2008）06-0009-06 Abstract：In the context of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, this article proposes a framework for the design of China′s earthquake insurance system, based on a discussion of the role of insurance in catastrophe (such as earthquake) risk management, an analysis of the history and status quo of China′s earthquake insurance, and a comparison of typical earthquake insurance systems in the world. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: firstly, while insurance system can play a uniquely important role in catastrophe risk management, China′s catastrophe insurance is under 　 developed. Secondly, development of earthquake insurance in China is limited because of the non　 existence of an appropriate and integrated earthquake insurance system. Thirdly, typical earthquake insurance systems in the world might differ in their patterns, but they do share similarities in some aspects such as the disaster background, laws and regulations, core institution, government supports, etc. Finally, the construction of China′s earthquake insurance system should have an integrated systematic solution, which must give serious consideration to laws and regulations, core institution, risk sharing mechanisms, clauses in the policies and rating, and incentive mechanisms. Key words：earthquake insurance; catastrophe risk; international experience; China solution 2008 年四川汶川“5·12”地震是一次历史罕见的特大地震，是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最 广、救灾难度最大的一次地震。这次地震的破坏性主要表现在以下五个方面①：一是强度烈度高。震级达 里氏 8 级，最大烈度达