基于单片机农业灌溉的设计.doc

摘 要 水是人类最重要的基本要素，地球上的生物所需要的水，绝大部分来自河流、湖泊、冰川和海洋等。我国是世界上13个贫水国之一，我国水资源总量为2.8万亿立方米，人均水资源占有量却只有世界人均水平的l/4。尤其是近几年，经常发生洪涝灾害和资源短缺，同时，由于资源的过度开发，环境污染，生态的破坏，我国的水资源已经进入了一个非常紧张的状态。其中农业灌溉用水占全国年总用水量的67％左右，是节水潜力最大的领域。因此改进农业灌溉方式是节约农业用水的主要途径。滴灌，在农业灌溉方式中属于最有效，最节约的一种灌溉方式。 我所设计的系统主要包括两个部分，一是硬件电路，二是软件设计。主要由土壤湿度传感器,信号处理电路,显示电路,输出控制电路,故障报警电路等组成,软件选用汇编语言编程。 其中单片机选用的是AT89C51型；数据存储电路选用的是外部静态数据存储器6264；数据采集电路选用的是A/D转换器AD574；系统的采用6位LED作为显示器，其中74LS138实现其位选，CD4543实现其段选。另外，软件部分主要包括对主程序、数据采样子程序、数据处理子程序、显示子程序以及各自的程序框图的简单设计。 本系统可实现单因子、双路数据采集处理功能,如稍加改变,便可实现对多因子和多输入数据的采集处理功能。该系统灵活性强,易于操作,可靠性高,将会有更广阔的开发前景。 关键词：农业灌溉；单片机；传感器；A/D转换；LED显示  Abstract Water is the most important basic elements, the creatures on the earth needs water, most of that comes from rivers, lakes, glaciers and sea, etc.Is one of the worlds 13 PinShuiGuo in our country, the total water resources in our country is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, per capita water resources is only l / 4 of the worlds average.Especially in recent years, frequent floods and shortage of resources, at the same time, due to the excessive development of resources, environmental pollution and ecological destruction, water resources in our country has entered a very tight state.Agricultural irrigation water accounts for the year to about 67% of the total water consumption, is one of the largest field water-saving potential.So to improve the way of agricultural irrigation is the main channel of agricultural water saving.In drip irrigation, agricultural irrigation methods are among the most effective, one of the most saving irrigation methods. I design system mainly includes two parts, one is the hardware circuit and software design.Mainly by the soil moisture sensor, signal processing circuit, display circuit, the output control circuit, fault alarm circuit and so on, software use assembly language programming. One of MCU selection is AT89C51 type;Data storage circuit choose external static data storage 6264;Data acquisition circuit selects A/D converter AD574;Syst