美国学校体育伤害事故责任分析[J].pdfVIP

第 16 卷第 6 期 体 育 学 刊 Vol.16 No.6 2009 年 6 月 Journal of Physical Education J u n . 2 0 0 9 美国学校体育伤害事故责任分析 7 陈华荣，王家宏 （苏州大学体育学院，江苏 苏州 215006 ） 摘 要：通过界定学校体育伤害事故责任的概念，分析认为美国学校体育伤害事故中可能成 为责任主体的有学区、学校和教师；时间和地域范围不仅包括在校和学校内，而且包括与学校学 习相关的时间和地域。其责任构成要件包括损害、照顾学生的法定责任，违反“合理照顾标准” 的行为、近因。当出现共同过失、甘冒风险的情况，或签署免责协议和拥有政府免责权时，学校 体育伤害事故具有免责的理由。最后，结合中美对于学校体育伤害事故责任这一法律问题，在适 用范围、归责原则因果关系、免责抗辩、替代责任上作了比较，得出了对我国的启示。 关 键 词：学校体育；伤害事故；美国 中图分类号：G80-05 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2009)06-0031-05 Analysis of liabilities for injury accidents happened to school physical education in the United States CHEN Hua-rong，WANG Jia-hong （School of Physical Education，Soochow University，Suzhou 215006，China ） Abstract: By defining the concept of liabilities for injury accidents happened to school physical education, the au- thors, via their analysis, put forward the following opinions: the parties that may become the main body of liability in injury accidents happened to school physical education in the United States include school districts, schools and teachers; the time and territorial scope include not only on campus and within the school, but also the time and ter- ritory in relation to learning in school; key liability constituting elements include legal liabilities for damages and student care, behaviors and proximate causes for breaching the “rational care standard”; when a case of contributory negligence or voluntary risk taking occurs, or when a liability exemption agreement is signed