Impact of Childcare and Eldercare on Off-farm Activities in Rural China.pdfVIP

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Impact of Childcare and Eldercare on Off-farm Activities in Rural China.pdf

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Impact of Childcare and Eldercare on Off-farm Activities in Rural China.pdf

圆 China＆WorldEconomy／100—120,Vo1．23，No．2．2015 ImpactofChildcareandEldercareon0fi-farm ActivitiesinRuraIChina FangbinQiao，ScottRozelle，LinxiuZhang,YiYao，JianZhang Abstract UsingindividualdatacollectedruralChinaandadoptingHeckman two-stepfunction, weexaminedtheimpactofchildcareandeldercareonlaborers’off-farmactivities．Our studyfindsthathavingschool-agedchildrenhasanegativeimpactonrurallaborers’ migrationdecisionsandapositiveimpactontheirdecisiontoworkinthelocaloff- farmemploymentmarket．Asgrandparentscanhe totakecareofyoungchildren，the impactofpreschoolersisinsignfiicant．Havingelderlyfamilytocarefordecreasesthe incomeearnedbyfemalemembersofthefamity．Althoughbothmenandwomenare activelyengagedinoff-farmemploymenttodayinruralChina,thisstudyshowsthat womenarestilltheprimarycareprovidersforbothchildrenandtheelderly．Therefore, reformingpublicschoolenrollmentandhighschool／collegeentranceexaminationsystems SOthatmigrantchildrencanstaywiththeirparents，thiswillhe rurallaborersto migratetocities．Thepresentstuydalsocallsformorepublicservicesforpreschoolers andtheelderlyinruralChina． Keywords：childcare，China，eldercare，gender，migration JELcodes：J11，J16，J22 lntroduction Rural-urbanmigrationplaysanimportantroleinChina’Seconomy．163millionrural laborersmirgatedtourbanareasforemploymentin2012 NBS，2012a ．Thisfigure equatestoapproximatelyhalfofthetotalnumberofindividualsinChina’Surbanlabor FangbinQiao，Professor,ChinaEconomicsandManagementAcademy,CentralUniversityofFinanceand Economics，Beijhag,China，Email：fangbin．qjao@舯ail_com；ScottRozelle,SeniorFellow,ShorensteinAsia-Pacific ResearchCenter，StanfordUniversiyt,Stnaford，USA．Email：rozelle@stanford．edu；LinxiuZhnag，Professor， CenterforChineseAgriculturePolicy,InstituteofrGeographicalScinecesnadNaturalResourceResearch，Chinese AcademyofSciences，Beijing，China．Email：lxzhang．ccap@igsnrr．ac．cn；YiYao，AssistantProfessor,China EconomicsandManagemnetAcademy,CnertalUniversiytofFinnacenadEconomics，Beijing，China．Email： yiyaoen@gmail．com；JinaZhnag，Associate