的研究生英语《阅读B》unit14.pptVIP

High Stakes Are for Tomatoes ?Advantages of exams: Tests stimulate students to work harder, and help them to see what they have learned and what they haven’t. And they also help teachers to find the effect of their teaching … ?Disadvantages of exams: The tests may mislead teachers into test-driven teaching and students into test-oriented learning, which may in the end stifle their innovativeness. Too many tests overstress the students and do harm to their health … 1.???? High Stakes Are for Tomatoes: High (wooden) posts are good to support tomato plants from falling down. But here high stakes is a pun and also refers to high stakes examinations. It can mean that the standardized tests cause a lot of failures and they are not good for students. 2.????? …risen to the top of the national agenda … (para.1) … education has become the most important thing of the country … agenda: a list or program of things to be done or considered ?????? e.g. —— There were several important items on the agenda. ????????? —— That’s been on my agenda for three weeks and I still haven’t done it. 3.??? rigorous (para.1)： careful, thorough, and exact; very severe or strict e.g. —— She has a scientifically rigorous approach. —— It’s a rigorous survival course in the mountains. 4.??? accountability (para.1): responsibility; obligation ?????? e.g. —— There were furious demands for greater police accountability. ????????? —— Both public schools and private voucher schools receive taxpayers dollars, yet the private schools get to play by different rules and avoid public accountability. 5.??? accreditation (para.2): official approval for a person or organization; official recognition of meeting a standard ?????? e.g. —— The college was given full accreditation in 1965. ????????? —— She has had her accreditation withdrawn by the authorities. 6.??? backlash (para.3): a strong but usu delayed reaction against recent events, esp against political or social developments e.g. —— White backlash incre