语言的变化..ppt

virtual * Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name: 实质上的，实际上的虽然没有实际的事实、形式或名义，但在实际上或效果上存在或产生的： the virtual extinction of the buffalo 野牛实际上已经绝迹 The president was son much under the influence of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country. * Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination. 虚的，内心的在头脑中存在的，尤指意想的产物。 虚拟旅游者Virtual Tourist 虚拟图书馆Virtual Library virtual hospital start-up n. The act or process of setting into operation or motion. 开始发动或开始运转的行为或过程 A business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation: 创业从事的事业或任务： grew from a tiny start-up to a multimillion-dollar corporation. 从一个小企业成发展成为有数百万美元资产的大公司 start-up or startup n. adj. start-up costs; plagued by startup problems. 启动费用；为初始运转问题所困 * * Translation(E-C) 这些年轻人正在确定个人与周围社会关系的新模式。不受上司与长辈影响（的情况）反而使他们更坚定地自行其事。他们同样不受经时间考验的传统的影响。比如，现今的年轻夫妇拒绝向社会表面的习俗让步。在我们那一代，年轻的新娘如果不是家住名区，如果家中餐具不够高雅，她们则要饱尝其苦。那时的年轻人对于有影响的社会关系、部队中的军衔、名俱乐部的会员资格都十分敏感。然而这一代人坚持希望他人评价他们自身的价值。我经常听说他们小心翼翼隐藏自己出身名门的事实。他们这种坚持以独立个人被认可的韧性产生出一种前所未有的坦诚。一位大学女生曾这样对我讲：“你知道我一直都不诚实，我正在努力改正。” 一个老兵当着目瞪口呆的双亲面对众人说他在战后的六个月里一直是一个“精神变态者”。这些言辞显示出自由的坚固性—— 一种属于自己而不属于虚伪的社会习俗的自由。 Unlike the young men today, we had to take on family responsibilities and helped out at home (help our parents with housework) when we were teenagers. Generation X’ers take work seriously, but they distain the workaholic, slave-to-the-job mentality of their parents and bosses. Nowadays many children can work with various (a variety of) software programs on their own and understand (comprehend) them quickly. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know what to do with their new liberties. These young people of diverse cultural backgrounds (from diverse cultures) all have in common a love for the same clothing styles, music and entertainment. Generation X have a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment. It is a priority for them to have a good time whether they are at wo