Advanced Imaging 1024Jan. 7, 2009 Ultrasound Lectures.ppt

Square Aperture Eq. 17 M: 54 3 2 1 0 THE NEAR FIELD (off axis) Fresnel approximation (Binomial Expansion) (19) From (16) we have Note that the r’ in the denominator is slowly varying and is therefore ~ equal to z Grouping terms we have [ ] ) ( 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 ) , ( z K y x z jk jkz e z j e y x P + = l Where (20) We can eliminate the quadratic term by “focusing” the transducer Thus the diffraction limit of the beam is given by: Consider a plane circular focused radiator in cylindrical coordinates radius a Circular Aperture Where FWHM (21) Need to consider the wideband case. Returning to Eq. 16 we have: This is a tedious integration over 3 variables even after significant approximations have been made There must be a better way! * Advanced Imaging 1024 Jan. 7, 2009 Ultrasound Lectures History and tour Wave equation Diffraction theory Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Impulse response Beams Lecture 1:Fundamental acoustics DG: Jan 7 Absorption Reflection Scatter Speed of sound Image formation: - signal modeling signal processing statistics Lecture 2:Interactions of ultrasound with tissue and image formation DG: Jan 14 The Doppler Effect Scattering from Blood CW, Pulsed, Colour Doppler Lecture 3: Doppler Ultrasound I DG: Jan 21 Velocity Estimators Hemodynamics Clinical Applications Lecture 4: Doppler US II DG: Jan 28 Lecture 5: Special Topics Mystery guest: Feb 4 or 11 ULTRASOUND LECTURE 1 Physics of Ultrasound Waves: The Simple View ULTRASOUND LECTURE 1 Physics of Ultrasound: Longitudinal and Shear Waves ULTRASOUND LECTURE 1 Physics of Ultrasound Waves: Surface waves ULTRASOUND LECTURE 1 Physics of Ultrasound Waves 1) The wave equation y z u t u x u+Δu Particle Displacement = Particle Velocity = Particle Acceleration = u x Equation of Motion dV dxdydz x p ? ? + Net force = ma p = pressure = P – P0 density or (1) Definition of Strain S = strain Also 1