An Empirical Study of Real Audio Traffic.ppt

An Empirical Study of Real Audio Traffic A. Mena and J. Heidemann USC/Information Sciences Institute In Proceedings of IEEE Infocom Tel-Aviv, Israel March 2000 Introduction Internet is growing Web facilitates integration of streaming audio Radio juke boxes Broadcast radio Live concerts Has been some work on measuring the Web and the Internet, little audio This study begins to redress this ? Study RealNetwork’s RealAudio traffic from a “Major” source Contributions to Understanding Majority of data (60%-80%) is UDP Limited congestion control RealAudio is CBR at 10s of seconds, but at single seconds is bursty on/off RealAudio can use 2 flows, one for control and one for data Most use 2, using TCP for control and UDP for data Those that use 1 use TCP User arrivals correlated with time of day Like Web traffic Session lengths are long (mean 78 minutes) Unlike Web traffic Identifying Audio Traffic Audio data is mostly unidirectional (from server), ratio 50:1 UDP RealAudio flow can be identified by packet length and packet inter-departure time So, this paper describes how to use results to simulate audio users Outline Introduction (done) Methodology ? Results Simulation Future Work Conclusions Methodology Capture 5 long traces from (Bought by Yahoo! (see link on Web page)) Trace 1 and 2 using sniffer, 3-5 with tcpdump Via CISCO Ethernet switch that replicated traffic (Why replicate and not just measure?) No packets dropped Saved 98 bytes to get audio header, too Terms used in Results IP address of receiver is client Could be proxy or behind firewall IP address of sender is server One for this study, fixed User initiates session, with one or more flows With one or more flows (source-destination pairs) Control flow: authenticate, start-stop, … Always TCP (defined by RTSP standard) Data flow: encoded audio information Inbound traffic – received by server Outbound traffic – sent by server Outline Introduction (done) Methodology (done) Results ? Overview Aggregate