浅论黄宗羲对阳明学及后学的继承和发展.docVIP

摘 要 摘 要 阳明心学在儒家思想，甚至是整个中国哲学体系占有重要的地位。以心即理为理论 核心，用诚意与致良知之教完善构架。在王阳明的不屑努力下取代了程朱理学的官方哲 学地位。阳明后学分为两派，并按照各自的观点不断推动着心学的进步。明末清初是社 会动荡的时期，此时的心学将进入由盛转衰的历史变革。思想家们从对社会的反思出发， 重新审视阳明心学。黄宗羲正是这一时期代表人物，他被世人称其为“梨洲先生”。从发 兵起义，到入清拒仕，最后潜心治学。一生地跌宕起伏的经历造就了这最后一位儒者。 他著述颇丰，从哲学到政治、经济、文化、科学均有涉猎。其代表作《明儒学案》以学 派之别分综理析的独特手法，更是开创了我国哲学史的新纪元。 人称“王学”殿军的黄宗羲秉承其师刘宗周衣钵，对阳明心学进行了继承与发展。由 理气、心性的基础出发提出了“心无本体，工夫所至即其本体”的最终观点。他的心学工 夫论有效的修正了王学后学逐渐走向空寂的虚无主义道路，从而使心学适应了时代的变 迁。 本论文的结构安排为： 引论由黄宗羲生平出发，借学术界对黄宗羲心学理论的研究现状展开，阐明研究的 意义，并由此进行论文的论述。第一章追溯阳明心学及其后学的主要内容，理清心学发 展轨迹，从心学的发展之路摸索黄宗羲所继承的阳明心学根源。第二章阐释黄宗羲对于 阳明心学及其后学的主要态度与观点。第三章论述黄宗羲的哲学基本内容，包括理气观， 心性观，及最终的工夫本体论，从其中分析他的理论之根。第四章论述黄宗羲对阳明学 的发展，这种发展包括对于阳明学及其后学的修正，以及用阳明心学包容实学的意义所 在。最后结语部分，笔者阐释了黄宗羲以其独到的阳明心学理念致力于经世哲学以及民 主思想。这是当时的哲学之路的大势所趋，亦是社会思潮的大势所趋。  关键词  黄宗羲  阳明心学  阳明后学  继承  发展  I Abstract Abstract In Confucianism or the whole system of Chinese philosophy Yang-ming’s theory occupies an important position. Unity of knowledge and practice is the core of Yang-ming’s theory and sincerity and conscience make up the theoretical framework. His theory eventually replaced the Cheng-Zhu Confucianism, also named neo-Confucianism, as the official philosophy in the Ming Dynasty. Later, Yang-ming’s theory were developed into two main schools of philosohpy according to different views. Duiring the peroid of late Ming and early Qing Dynasty Yang-ming’s theory turned from prosperity to decline along with the social unrest. Many thinkers began to re-examine Yang-ming’s theory according to the reality. Huang Zong-xi, known as Mr. Li-zhou is the representative of philosophers at that time. He refused to be an official of Qing dynasty after seveal uprisings that failed without exception. He began a scholarly research with great concentration in the rest time of his life and became a outstanding confucianist. He was a prolific writer and wrote numerous miscellaneous works on philosophy, politics, economics, culture and science. His representative work “Ming Ru Xue An” ushered in a new era in