浅论社会历史中合规律性和合目的性的统一.docVIP

摘 要 本文主要站在历史唯物主义的立场，从马克思主义历史哲学的维度，阐释了 社会历史过程中人的活动合规律性与合目的性的统一机制。 合规律性与合目的性的主体是什么，这是问题的关键点。针对主体认识的不 同，对合规律性与合目的性的理解也不尽一致。“现实的个人”作为历史唯物主 义的基本前提，同时也是人类不断符合客观规律趋近个人目的并寻求统一的活动 主体。一方面，人的活动是个人立足自身的需要和目的的选择性活动，活动过程 也受到自身和客观条件的影响，所以活动目的和行为结果往往难以表现一致。另 一方面，人的活动受到社会历史规律的制约，在改造客观世界的物质生产实践中 表现出主客体关系的相互作用。然而，受外部以及自身等各种条件的限制，现实 状况下人的活动始终很难既符合历史规律的客观要求，又趋近个体的行为目的。 总而言之，社会历史是一个不断趋合规律达成目的的辩证统一过程，人的活动在 因果决定论、交互作用论和历史合力论三种机制的共同作用下不断趋近合规律性 与合目的性的统一。 对于人的活动而言，合规律性与合目的性是一个不断降低盲目性、增强自主 性的过程，由规律自发地、盲目的发生作用走向自觉的合规律的过程。所以，社 会历史过程中人的活动要达到合规律性与合目的性的完美结合，只能是一个变化 的不断趋近一致、完成统一的过程，也就是人类由必然王国逐渐走向自由王国的 过程。 关 键 词 ： 历史哲学；合规律性；合目的性；自由；人 I Abstract In this paper, on the behold of Historical Materialism, the mechanism of unity to conformity with law and purpose in the social and historical process has been explained from the dimensions of Marxist historical philosophy. The key to the question is what the subject of law and purpose is. The understanding of conformity with law and purpose is quite different according to the different view of subject. Not only ?Realistic Individual? is the beginning of the Historical Materialism, but also the conformity with law and purpose. On the one hand, man?s activities is kind of selective activities based on the man?s need and purpose that is affected by themselves and objective conditions. So the purpose and result are hard to be conformity. On the other hand, man?s activities are constrained by the law of social history, who showed the interaction relationship between subject and object. However, restricted by external as well as internal conditions, the activities in reality are always difficult both to conform to the requirement of law of history, and to the individual purpose. In short, social history is a dialectical unification process to constantly conforming rules to achieve the purpose, And people?s activities are achieve the unity to conformity with law and purpose under the function of three mechanism --- Casual determinism, Interaction theory and Histor