镍对玉米和水稻污染效应及累积规律的研究.pdfVIP

农业环境科学学报 2008，27(6)：2315—2318 JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience 镍对玉米和水稻污染效应及累积规律的研究 康立娟 ，谢忠雷 (1．吉林农业大学资源与环境学院，吉林 长春 130118；2．吉林大学环境与资源学院，吉林 长春 130012) 摘 要：通过盆栽试验 ，分别探讨了镍在砂壤水稻土中对水稻和在草甸黑土中对玉米的污染效应和累积规律。结果表明，镍对水稻 的毒害作用主要表现为生物量和有效分蘖下降，对玉米的毒害作用主要表现为生物量下降和穗重量降低。水稻和玉米各器官对镍 的累积量随土壤中镍投加量的增加而增大，其分布规律为根茎叶子粒。分别以食品卫生标准和作物减产 10％为依据，确定了 镍在砂壤水稻土中对水稻和在草甸黑土中对玉米的毒性临界含量。 关键词：镍；水稻；玉米 ；污染效应；累积规律 ；临界含量 中图分类号：X503．231 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672—2043(2008)06—2315-04 PollutionEffectsandAccumulationRulesofNickelinCornandRice KANGLi-juan，XIEZhong-lei (1．CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentJilinAgriculturalUniversity，Changchun130118，China；2．CollegeofEnvironmentandResources JilinUniversity，Changchun130012，China) Abstract：Thepollutioneffectsandaccumulationrulesofnickelwerestudiedinthesandyloampaddysoilforriceandinthemeadowsoilofr cornbypotexperiments．Thephytotoxicityofnickelinthesoilspresentedboththedecreasingofbiomassandeffectivetillerofrriceandthe decreasingofbiomassandweightofgrain’Searforcorn．Thenickelcontentinthetissuesofthetwoplantsincreasedwiththeincreasingdos— esofnickelinsoils．Theaccumulationurlesofnickelinthetwoplantswereallrootstem andleafgrain．Comparingwithrice，therewas higherabilityintheabsorptionandtransformationofnickelfromsoilintoCOrn．Inaddition，thecriticalconcentrationsofnickelphytotoxicity ofrbothriceinthesandyloampaddysoilandCOrninthemeadowsoilweredeterminedbasedonthefoodstgodardofnickel(1mgk‘g。)and thereduction10％ofcropyield．Accordingtothestandardofthefoodlimitquantity，thecriticalcormentrationsofnickelwere69mgk‘g一(to- ta1)and3．2mg·kg (available)inthesandyloampaddysoiland26mg·kg。(tota1)and1．3mg·kg一’(available)inthemeadowsoil，respec- tively．However，accordingtothestandardofthereduction10％ofcropyield，thecriticalconcentrationsofnickelwere143mgk‘g (tota1) and9．0mg·kg(available)inthesandyloampaddysoiland188mg·kg(tota1)and39mg·kg-(available)inthemeadowsoil，respectively． Keywords：nickel；rice；corn；pollutioneffect；accumulationrule；criticalconcentration