紫色土地区水文特征对硝态氮流失的影响研究.docVIP

紫色土地区水文特征对硝态氮流失的影响研究( 贾海燕雷阿林(叶闽雷俊山长江水资源保护科学研究所，武汉430051摘要文特征对氮素的迁移途径和流失过程有着重要的影响。在三峡库区紫色土分布区域，雨水不仅在土壤界面形成地表径流，并且在土壤剖面中形成壤中流，两种水文途径对硝态氮的传输特征的影响各有不同。本文采用人工降雨模拟的方法，研究三种雨强条件下紫色土的NO3-N的流失特征。研究结果表明，三种雨强条件下均有壤中流产生，并且壤中流的流量较大。在小雨强、中雨强、大雨强条件下，壤中流占总径流量的比例分别表现为100%，37.9%，8.4%。壤中流是NO3-N主要的流失形式。NO3-N流失量表现为小雨强＞中雨强＞大雨强。在施肥小区内，小雨强、中雨强和大雨强条件下，壤中流NO3-N流失量分别为9.52kg/ha、4.66kg/ha、1.28kg/ha，是地表径流流失量的4倍以上，占总流失量的86%以上。在未施肥小区内，壤中流NO3-N的流失量仍占流失总量的35%以上。施肥对壤中流NO3-N的浓度影响显著，施肥后壤中流的NO3-N平均浓度为27.00mg/l，比未施肥小区增加5倍。在紫色土地区，土壤特征和气候特征决定了该地区壤中流形式的普遍存在，而NO3-N以壤中流流失特点与当地施肥习惯的耦合效应对水环境造成较大的威胁。 关键词氮流失; 产流模式; 紫色土; 壤中流Effect of Runoff Processes on Nitrate Loss in Purple Soil Hai-yan Jia， A-lin Lei (，， Jun-shan Lei， Qiu-mei Yu Institute of Water Source Protection in the Yangtze River, Yangtze River Water Resources Commission Wuhan 430051 Abstract The study was conducted in the purple soil near the Three Gorges Reservoir; to evaluate the effects of rain intensities on nitrate losses in surface runoff and subsurface flow under the artificial rainfall. Three rain intensities (small [0.5mm min-1], moderate [1.0mm min-1], and high [2mm min-1]) with two nitrogen fertilizer inputs of no fertilizer input and 200kg N ha-1 input were tested. The dominant runoff at the small rain intensity was subsurface flow. During the rainfall of moderate and high rain intensities, the dominant flow was composed of both overland flow and subsurface flow. Compared to surface flow, the subsurface flow was the preferential flow path way of NO3-N loss in all the three run-off patterns. The load of NO3-N in subsurface flow accounted for more than 35% of total loss of NO3-N. Under the three rain intensities, the NO3-N loss under small rain intensity was larger than that of moderate and high intensity rainfalls. The fertilizer treatment had a great influence on the loss of NO3-N.by he subsurface flow. The average concentration of NO3-N in subsurface flow was 27.0 N mg.l-1 after fertilized, nearly five times as high as that under the control