sbe10_07【荐】.ppt

Statistics for Business and Economics Chapter 7 Inferences Based on Two Samples: Confidence Intervals Tests of Hypotheses Learning Objectives Thinking Challenge Who gets higher grades: males or females? Which program is faster to learn: Word or Excel? Target Parameters Independent Related Populations Different data sources Unrelated Independent Same data source Paired or matched Repeated measures (before/after) Two Independent Populations Examples An economist wishes to determine whether there is a difference in mean family income for households in two socioeconomic groups. An admissions officer of a small liberal arts college wants to compare the mean SAT scores of applicants educated in rural high schools and in urban high schools. Two Related Populations Examples Nike wants to see if there is a difference in durability of two sole materials. One type is placed on one shoe, the other type on the other shoe of the same pair. An analyst for Educational Testing Service wants to compare the mean GMAT scores of students before and after taking a GMAT review course. Thinking Challenge Miles per gallon ratings of cars before and after mounting radial tires The life expectancy of light bulbs made in two different factories Difference in hardness between two metals: one contains an alloy, one doesn’t Tread life of two different motorcycle tires: one on the front, the other on the back Two Population Inference Comparing Two Means Two Population Inference Comparing Two Independent Means Two Population Inference Sampling Distribution Large-Sample Inference for Two Independent Means Two Population Inference Conditions Required for Valid Large-Sample Inferences about μ1 – μ2 Assumptions Independent, random samples Can be approximated by the normal distribution when n1 ? 30 and n2 ? 30 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for μ1 – μ2 (Independent Samples) Confidence Interval Large-Sample Confidence Interval Example You’re a financial analyst for Charles Schwab. You wan