海南岛燥红土发生学特性的薄片观察.pdfVIP

南京农业大学学报 　2000 , 23 (4) : 59～62 　 Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 海南岛燥红土发生学特性的薄片观察 熊德祥 　武心齐 (南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院 , 南京 210095) 摘要 　燥红土薄片的显微镜观察表明 , 由于长期受干热的生物气候条件影响, 燥红土在发育过程中矿物风化淋溶程度较 弱 , 各种分解形态的有机残体数量少 , 有机质含量缺乏。燥红土的主导形成过程是红化作用 , 由于遭受侵蚀, 燥红土近 代成土过程遭受砂化 , 表层呈现漂白砂型土壤微垒结。 关键词 　燥红土 ; 土壤微形态 ; 土壤发育 分类号 　S15525 Microscopical observation on the genetic characteristics of dry red soil of Hainan island in China Xiong Dexiang and Wu Xinqi (College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences , Nanjing Agric Univ , Nanjing 210095) ABSTRACT 　Microscopical observation of thin sections of a dry red soil shows that the intensity of mineral weathering and eluviation were relatively weak. The quantities of organic residues with various forms and organic matter were less due to the influence of dry tropical biocli mate on dry red soils. Rubification was the dominant soilforming process of dry red soil. As the natural vegetation was destroyed and the solis were eroded , sandification occurred during modern soilforming process. The porphyroskelic fabric was changed into the bleached sand fabric in surface layer of dry red soils. Key words 　dry red soil ; soil micromorphology ; soil development 燥红土过去称为红棕壤、红褐土、热带稀树草原土[1 ,2 ] , 在海南岛主要分布于西南部沿海昌江、东 ( ) 方、乐东及三亚等县 市 。该地区因五指山的屏障 , 阻碍了东南季风的进入 , 加上西南干热风的影响 , 形成了特殊的干热气候条件。全年干湿季节明显 , 春季多焚风 , 年降雨量 750～1 000 mm , 蒸发量则为 降雨量的2～3 倍 , 全年旱季长达 7 个月以上 , 是全国热量最高的地区。由于特殊的生物气候条件 , 使 其燥红土在土壤发生学特性上与同纬度的热带砖红壤明显不同。本文用显微镜观察的方法研究燥红土的 发生学特性 , 并通过基岩 —风化物 —土壤的薄片观察