Hyperlipidemia.ppt

Hyperlipidemia Michele Ritter, M.D. Argy Resident – February, 2007 The story of lipids Chylomicrons transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver In the liver, the chylomicrons release triglycerides and some cholesterol and become low-density lipoproteins (LDL). LDL then carries fat and cholesterol to the body’s cells. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) carry fat and cholesterol back to the liver for excretion. The story of lipids (cont.) When oxidized LDL cholesterol gets high, atheroma formation in the walls of arteries occurs, which causes atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol is able to go and remove cholesterol from the atheroma. Atherogenic cholesterol → LDL, VLDL, IDL Atherosclerosis Causes of Hyperlipidemia Diet Hypothyroidism Nephrotic syndrome Anorexia nervosa Obstructive liver disease Obesity Diabetes mellitus Pregnancy Obstructive liver disease Acute heaptitis Systemic lupus erythematousus AIDS (protease inhibitors) Dietary sources of Cholesterol Hereditary Causes of Hyperlipidemia Familial Hypercholesterolemia Codominant genetic disorder, coccurs in heterozygous form Occurs in 1 in 500 individuals Mutation in LDL receptor, resulting in elevated levels of LDL at birth and throughout life High risk for atherosclerosis, tendon xanthomas (75% of patients), tuberous xanthomas and xanthelasmas of eyes. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Autosomal dominant Increased secretions of VLDLs Dysbetalipoproteinemia Affects 1 in 10,000 Results in apo E2, a binding-defective form of apoE (which usually plays important role in catabolism of chylomicron and VLDL) Increased risk for atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease Tuberous xanthomas, striae palmaris Checking lipids Nonfasting lipid panel measures HDL and total cholesterol Fasting lipid panel Measures HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides LDL cholesterol is calculated: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – (HDL + triglycerides/5) When to check lipid panel Two different Recommendations Adult Treatmen