Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields.ppt

magckt * Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields Magnetic Materials Iron, Cobalt and Nickel and various other alloys and compounds made using these three basic elements Electric Current and Magnetic Field A Few Definitions Related to Electromagnetic Field (Unit is Weber (Wb)) = Magnetic Flux Crossing a Surface of Area ‘A’ in m2. B (Unit is Tesla (T)) = Magnetic Flux Density = ?/A H (Unit is Amp/m) = Magnetic Field Intensity = ? = permeability = ?o ?r ?o = 4?*10-7 H/m (H ?Henry) = Permeability of free space (air) ?r = Relative Permeability ?r 1 for Magnetic Material Ampére’s Law The line integral of the magnetic field intensity around a closed path is equal to the sum of the currents flowing through the area enclosed by the path. Example of Ampére’s Law Find the magnetic field along a circular path around an infinitely long Conductor carrying ‘I’ ampere of current. 900 B,H r dl Since both and are perpendicular to radius ‘r’ at any point ‘A’ on the circular path, the angle ? is zero between them at all points. Also since all the points on the circular path are equidistant from the current carrying conductor is constant at all points on the circle or They are basically ferromagnetic structures(mostly Iron, Cobalt, Nickel alloys and compounds) with coils wound around them Because of high permeability most of the magnetic flux is confined within the magnetic circuit Thus is always aligned with Examples: Transformers,Actuators, Electromagnets, Electric Machines Magnetic Circuits l= mean length N I d w Magnetic Circuits (1) F =NI= Magneto Motive Force or MMF = # of turns * Current passing through it or or or or F = NI = Hl (why!) Magnetic Circuits (2) = Reluctance of magnetic path Analogy Between Magnetic and Electric Circuits F =MMF is analogous to Electromotive force (EMF) =E = Flux is analogous to I = Current = Reluctance is analogous to R = Resistance = Permeance = Analogous to conductance H B B H Linear knee saturation Magnetization cu