Chapter 13 - The Preprocessor.ppt

Chapter 13 - The Preprocessor 13.1 Introduction Preprocessing Occurs before a program is compiled Inclusion of other files Definition of symbolic constants and macros Conditional compilation of program code Conditional execution of preprocessor directives Format of preprocessor directives Lines begin with # Only whitespace characters before directives on a line 13.2 The #include Preprocessor Directive #include Copy of a specified file included in place of the directive #include filename Searches standard library for file Use for standard library files #include filename Searches current directory, then standard library Use for user-defined files Used for: Programs with multiple source files to be compiled together Header file – has common declarations and definitions (classes, structures, function prototypes) #include statement in each file 13.3 The #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants #define Preprocessor directive used to create symbolic constants and macros Symbolic constants When program compiled, all occurrences of symbolic constant replaced with replacement text Format #define identifier replacement-text Example: #define PI 3.14159 Everything to right of identifier replaces text #define PI = 3.14159 Replaces “PI” with = 3.14159 Cannot redefine symbolic constants once they have been created 13.4 The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros Macro Operation defined in #define A macro without arguments is treated like a symbolic constant A macro with arguments has its arguments substituted for replacement text, when the macro is expanded Performs a text substitution – no data type checking The macro #define CIRCLE_AREA( x ) ( PI * ( x ) * ( x ) ) would cause area = CIRCLE_AREA( 4 ); to become area = ( 3.14159 * ( 4 ) * ( 4 ) ); 13.4 The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros Use parenthesis Without them the macro #define CIRCLE_AREA( x ) PI * ( x ) * ( x ) would cause area = CIRCLE_AREA( c + 2 ); to become area = 3.14159 * c + 2