Chapter 13 Knowledge Acquisition and Validation.ppt

Chapter 13: Knowledge Acquisition and Validation 13.1 Opening Vignette: American Express Improves Approval Selection with Machine Learning The Problem: Loan Approval 85 to 90 % Predicted Accurately 10 to 15 % in Gray Area Accuracy of Loan Officer’s Gray Area Decisions were at most 50 % The Solution ES with Knowledge Acquisition Method of Machine Learning Rule Induction Method Gray Area: Induced Decision Tree Correctly Predicted 70 % Induced Rules Explain Why Rejected 13.2 Knowledge Engineering The art of bringing the principles and tools of AI research to bear on difficult applications problems requiring experts knowledge for their solutions The technical issues of acquiring this knowledge, representing it and using it appropriately to construct and explain lines-of-reasoning are important problems in the design of knowledge-based systems The art of constructing intelligent agents is both part of and an extension of the programming art It is the art of building complex computer programs that represent and reason with knowledge of the world (Feigenbaum and McCorduck [1983]) Narrow perspective: knowledge engineering deals with knowledge acquisition, representation, validation, inferencing, explanation and maintenance Wide perspective: KE describes the entire process of developing and maintaining AI systems We use the Narrow Definition Involves the cooperation of human experts Synergistic effect Knowledge Engineering Process Activities Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge Validation Knowledge Representation Inference Explanation and Justification (Figure 13.1) 13.3 Scope of Knowledge Knowledge acquisition is the extraction of knowledge from sources of expertise and its transfer to the knowledge base and sometimes to the inference engine Knowledge is a collection of specialized facts, procedures and judgment rules (Figure 13.2) Knowledge Sources Documented (books, manuals, etc.) Undocumented (in peoples minds) From people, from machines Knowledge Acquisition from