Chapter 13 Oscillatory Motions.ppt

Chapter 13: Oscillatory Motions Simple harmonic motion An example of resonantly driven damped harmonic oscillator * Spring and Hooke’s law When a mass hanging from a spring and in equilibrium, the Newton’s 2nd law says: This means the force due to the spring is equal to the force by gravity and opposite in direction when the spring is stretched. Hooke’s law states that increasing the weight by equal amounts increases the stretch of the spring by equal amount. Therefore, the force due to the spring must be proportional to the stretch of the spring. x is deviation from the spring w/o weight This is also true when the spring shrinks y Simple harmonic motion Simple harmonic motion (SHM) Let’s study a motion of the mass m. When the mass is attached to the spring, the spring stretches by x0. Then lift the mass by A and release it. Since in equilibrium y y y Equation for SHM The initial stretch is x0-x and from Hooke’s law: Simple harmonic motion Simple harmonic motion (SHM) (cont’d) Solution: Hz s velocity acceleration phase constant Simple harmonic motion Simple harmonic motion (SHM) (cont’d) Solution: What is SHM/SHO? A simple harmonic motion is the motion of an oscillating system which satisfies the following condition: Motion is about an equilibrium position at which point no net force acts on the system. The restoring force is proportional to and oppositely directed to the displacement. 3. Motion is periodic. t=0 t=-f/w Acosf f=w/(2p) By Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University w=w0; w=2w0 ; w=3w0 Simple harmonic motion Connection between SHM and circular motion For an object in circular motion, the angular velocity is defined as, The tangential velocity is related to the angular velocity : The centripetal acceleration is also related to the angular velocity: The position, velocity and acceleration of the object as a function of time are: SHM! Simple harmonic motion Displacement, velocity and ac