Design Realization lecture 13.ppt

Design Realization lecture 13 John Canny/Dan Reznik 10/7/03 Last Time Fantastic plastics! This time S-t-r-e-t-c-h-i-n-g material properties: composites and cellular materials Chemistry takes us pretty far. But we can also customize material properties with geometry: Composites: distinct materials tightly bound together. Cellular materials: customized fine structure for desired stiffness/strength. Composites: Fiber-based Fiberglass is the classic composite: Glass fibers (often woven) Two-part polyester or epoxy resin Epoxy strength = 60MPa Glass fiber tensilestrength = 500 MPa The composite can achieve a significant percentage of the fiber strength (300MPa typical), along the fiber direction. Composites: Fiber-based Laminates: to get strength in several directions, the fibers are either: Laminated in sheets in different directions, or Made from a woven fabric with threads in several directions. Glasses are chosen for different attributes: Tensile strength Stiffness Electrical insulation… Glass and polymer do not react, but the polymer must adhere very well to the fiber for strength. Composites: Carbon Kevlar Recall (lecture 10) that carbon fiber and kevlar fibers both have diamond-like tensile strength (~ 4 GPa), or about 70x epoxy. Modulus also increasesby about 50x. Surprisingly, carbon fiberhas the same structureas (soft) graphite:But these sheets are long and thin in CF, whereas they are flat (and slippery) in graphite. Workability Glass, carbon, kevlar sheets and two-part resins are easy to work with, and used for: Boat making and repair. Custom surfboards, snowboards… Motorcyle and auto racing. Furniture (e.g. chairs)… Construction by mold-making,fiber laying, resin application. See / Natural fiber composites Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fiber and a polymer called lignin. Bone is a hierarchical fiber composite: Bone Osteons Lamella Collagen fibers Collagen fibrils Particle composites Fiber composites are ideal for improving tensil