Digestive System amp; NutritionChp 14.ppt

Digestive System NutritionChp 14 Vocabulary Vertebrate Digestive Systems Human Digestive System Accessory Organs Large intestine (colon or bowel) Chemistry of Digestion Carbohydrate Digestion Fat Digestion Protein Digestion Nucleic Acid Digestion Integration Regulation of Digestive Processes Elements of Nutrition * * Digestion - mechanical chemical breakdown of food into nutrients Metabolism - chemical reactions breaking down food and releasing energy from nutrients Key features among vertebrates influencing their digestive system are jaws and teeth. Both are important for holding and tearing food. Teeth shape is a good clue to a vertebrates diet. Mammals such as humans teeth in sockets milk teeth permanent teeth incisors - cutting gnawing canines - tearing food molars premolars - grinding shearing Digestive System 1. Lips tongue saliva salivary amylase pharynx - divides into larynx laryngopharynx Swallowing- tongue pushes food into bolus peristalsis moves food down esophagus Stomach - food enters via cardiac sphincter stores food begins digestion kilsl microorganisms. muscle layers create churning motion Stomach lining glands secrete gastric juice chief cells - secrete pepsinogen parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid (HCL). HCL changes pepsinogen to pepsin Stomach also secretes gastric lipase, (enzyme starts fat digestion). Chyme passes through pyloric sphincter into duodenum. Small Intestine Receives chyme into duodenum. Receives products of liver pancreas Jejunum ileum Liver - secretes bile that emulsifies fat. Bile is stored in the gall bladder and enters the small intestine via the bile duct. 2. Pancreas - produces sodium bicarbonate (to neutralize stomach acids) + variety of digestive enzymes to breakdown fat, protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acids. Cecum, joins to small intestine on the right side of