Chapter 9 OTHER SEPARATION PROCESSES.ppt

Chapter 9 OTHER SEPARATION PROCESSES Physical/Mechanical Separations Diffusional/equilibration separations Physical/Mechanical Separations Filtration Expression Centrifugation Cyclone Diffusional/equilibration separations Crystallization Distillation Absorption/Stripping Extraction Adsorption Ion Exchange Dialysis/Electrodialysis Filtration Used to clarify fluid foods( fruit juices or vegetable oils) and to remove microorganisms from either air or fluid foods and to separate solid from liquid phases. In some cases, the material that remains on the filter is the valuable component (crystal slurry from liquid in sugar refining, separation of proteins or yeast). The material that passes through the filter is the desired product (fruit juice or vegetable oil Clarification, sterilized water or air). Principles of Operation. Filtration involves passing a material through a filter medium that retains particles of a certain size, Filtration is distinguished from other membrane separations (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) in terms of the size of particles that are separated. A fluid containing solid matter is forced through a filter medium, with the solid particles being retained by the filter and the liquid passing through. Configurations plate-and-frame continuous rotary filter Factors influencing filtration Size of the pores in the filter medium The viscosity of the carrier fluid The amount and characteristics of suspended solids to be filtered The external pressure applied Filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth or perlite Expression Expression may be defined as forced expulsion (due to pressure) of fluids from semifluid materials. The liquid contained within a semisolid food is forced through some form of filtration medium, whether a perforated metal wall or a porous fabric filter, which retains the solid component of the material. Expression is different from filtration due to the nature of the applied pressure. In expression, pressure is applied by m