chapter 9 Steam Power Cycle.ppt

* * chapter 9 Steam Power Cycle 9-1 The Rankine Cycle 9-1-1. Vapor Carnot cycle T s 1 2 3 4 There are some problems: Compressor turbine 9-1-2. Rankine cycle Trained as a civil engineer, William Rankine (1820-1872)was appointed to the chairman of civil engineering and mechanics at Glasgow in 1855. He worked on heat, and attempted to derive Sadi Carnots law from his own hypothesis. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853. Among his most important works are Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858), Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859) . 9-1-3. The efficiency of Rankine cycle qabsorb= h2 - h1 qexhaust= h3 – h4 Usually, The properties: p1, t1 and p2 are available for a power plant,then: h1: From p1, t1 , get h1 , s1 h2: From p2 , get s2’ , s3” h2’ , h2” So, x can be known h3: From p2 , get h2’ , s2’ . h3= h3’ s3= s3’ h4: From p1 , s1= s4 get h4 9-2 The Influence of Steam Property 9-2-1. Exhaust Pressure To decrease the exhaust pressure can increase the efficiency of Rankine cycle. But the dryness fraction will increase too. This can lead some damage to steam turbine 9-2-2. Inlet temperature To decrease the inlet temperature can increase the efficiency of Rankine cycle. But this increase depends on boiler material 9-2-3. Inlet pressure To increase the inlet pressure can increase the efficiency of Rankine cycle greatly. But this increase also depends on boiler material boiler condenser Feed water pump Steam turbine 9-3-1 Equipments of Reheat Cycle Reheater 9-3 Reheat Cycle 9-3-2 Efficiency T-s diagram Efficiency The properties: p1, t1 , pm , tn (equals t1 usually), p2 are available for a reheat power plant,then: h1: From p1, t1 , get h1 , s1 hm: From p2 , s2 =s1, get hm hn: From pm , tn , get hn h2: From p2 , get s2’ , s3” h2’ , h2” So, x can be known h3: From p2 , get h2’ , s2’ . h3= h3’ s3= s3’