基础语法复习三【荐】.docVIP

基础语法复习三 词法 五、冠词 冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能附着在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。英语中冠词有两类，一类是定冠词the，一类是不定冠词a,an。定冠词的意思接近指示代词this,that，表示后面名词所指的是特定的人或物，可用于各种普通名词 (Close the door)。不定冠词a 用语以辅音开头的词前面，an 用于以元音开头的字母前面。不定冠词是“一个”的意思，只能用在单数可数名词前面。(a lesson , an English lesson) 泛指　　　　　　　　　　　特指 普通名词 可数名词单数 Give me a book. Give me the book. 可数名词复数 Give me some books Give me the books. 不可数名词 Give me some paper. Give me the paper. 专有名词 一般不用冠词， 但一些由普通名词构成的专有名词要加 六、介词 (一)概说 介词是英语中很活跃的词，不能独立充当一个成分，而要和一个名词或与之相当的东西构成介词短语，才能在句中充当一个成分。和介词构成短语的那个部分称为介词宾语，能充当介词宾语的主要有： 名词 It’s going to be windy tomorrow according to the weather report. 代词 how much luggage can I take with me? 动名词 I’m fond of skating. 由连接代词（副词）引起的从句或不定式短语 I’m thinking of how we can fulfill the task ahead of time. He gave a lesson on how to improve soil. 作用 状语 The book is very popular among young people. 定语 Most of the products on display are new ones. 表语 The book is out of print. 复合宾语 We found the map quite out of date. 　七、连词 概说 连词不能在句中独立担任句子成分而只起到连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用。 Are we to have the contest today or tomorrow? Do you have your coaching in the afternoon or in the evening? Hurry up, or we’ll be late! (二)分类 连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词 并列连词用于连接平行的词，词组，或分句。But however nevertheless for or either or 表示并列 Men and women, old and young , all joined the battle. 表示转折 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 从属连词用于引起从句。 表达时间I will discuss this with you when we meet. 表达原因You’d better put on your sweater, for it’s rather cold out side. 表达条件If you can do it, so can I. 八、数词 基数词 表示数目的词称为基数词，最基本的基数词包括： 1one 2two 3three 4four 5five 6six 7seven 8eight 9nine 10ten 11eleven 12twelve 13thirteen 14fourteen 15fifteen 16sixteen 17seventeen 18eighteen 19nineteen 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 60sixty 70seventy 80eighty 90ninety 100one hundred 1000one thousand 10 000ten thousand 100 000one hundred thousand 1 000 000 one million 其他表示数目的词都由这些词构成，比如 23 twenty-three 459 four hundred and fifty-nine 1 003 one thousand and fifty-nine 12 386 twelve t