动词的时态和语态（学案）.doc

动词的时态和语态（学案） 动词的时态 英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。英语共有16种时态，现以break为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 break / breaks broke shall/will break should/would break 进行 am/is/are breaking was/were breaking shall/will be breaking should/would be breaking 完成 have/has broken had broken shall/will have broken should/would have broken 完成进行 have / has been breaking had been breaking shall/will have been breaking should/would have been breaking 根据近几年高考试卷分析，时态测试重点主要有：一般时态——一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时；进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。 一、一般时态 1. 一般现在时 (1) 一般现在时 没有时限、持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually, often, always, sometimes, regularly, near, occasionally, every year, every week, twice a week, seldom,等连用。 The moon moves round the earth. The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. This machine doesn’t work. It hasn’t worked for years. (2)在after, until, before, once, when, even if, in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来。 The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟Send my regards to your lovely wife when you write home. (3) 某些表示起始的动词，课用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，如go, come, be, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at three sharp. The party starts at 7:00 tomorrow evening. (4) 在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that, as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。 Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2. 一般过去时 (1) 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。 He got up, had breakfast and went to work. -----How can you use my computer without permission? -----Oh, I forgot to tell you. I hope you don’t mind. 需要注意的是有些情况发生的时间不太清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应该用过去时。如： I was very glad to hear from you. ---You’ve promised to go, then why aren’t you getting ready? ---I didn’t realize you wanted to go at once.. I lived in London for many years, bu