RFID (Radio Frequency ID).ppt

RFID (Radio Frequency ID) RFID system In a typical RFID system, individual objects are equipped with a small, inexpensive tag. The tag contains a transponder with a digital memory chip that is given a unique electronic product code. A reader, which has an antenna, a transceiver and decoder, emits a signal. The RFID tag detects the readers activation signal and sends its own signal out through its antenna. The reader receives the signal sent by the tag, decodes the data, and passes them to the host computer. The application software on the host processes the data. Information transmitted by a tag Identification Location Other attributes of a product, e.g., price, color, date of purchase, etc. Passive RFID It has no internal power supply. Its antenna receives the radio frequency signal from a reader, which induces just enough power for the integrated circuit in the tag to power up and transmit a response. The antenna collects power from the incoming signal and also transmits the outbound signal. The response of a passive RFID tag includes an ID number. It can also contain other data. Passive RFID (cont.) The device can be quite small: it can be embedded in a sticker, or under the skin. As of 2006, the smallest such devices (without antennas) measured 0.15 mm × 0.15 mm, and are thinner than a sheet of paper. The lowest cost EPC (a standard for RFID) RFID tags, which are the standard chosen by Wal-Mart, DOD, Target, Tesco in the UK and Metro AG in Germany, are available today at a price of 5 cents each. The addition of the antenna creates a tag that varies from the size of a postage stamp to the size of a post card. Passive tags have practical read distances ranging from about 10 cm (4 in.) up to a few meters depending on the chosen radio frequency and antenna design/size. Active RFID Active RFID tags have their own internal power source to power ICs that generate the outgoing signal. Active tags are typically much more reliable (e.g. fewer errors) than p