rugs to Treat Autoimmune Diseases.ppt

Drugs to Treat Autoimmune Diseases Chelsea Wells Outline Autoimmune diseases Types Symptoms Diagnosis Immunological tolerance Clonal Deletion Theory Clonal Anergy Theory Idiotype Network Theory Pathogenesis of autoimmunity Mechanisms Treatments Immunosuppressive Anti-inflammatory Disease modifying New research and Future The Basics Autoimmunity occurs when the body is unable to differentiate “self” from “non-self” Results in overactive immune response against own cells and tissues Affects 5%-8% of the population 78% affected are females Over 80 conditions linked to autoimmunity 15 diseases directly linked to autoimmune response Low level autoimmunity is normal More Basics Both antibodies and effector T cells can be involved in the damage in autoimmune diseases. Organ specific immune response is directed against antigen(s) associated with the target organ being damaged Non-organ specific antibody is directed against an antigen not associated with the target organ Common Autoimmune Diseases Symptoms Tiredness Depression Weight gain Weight loss Muscle weakness Cramps Irritability Sweating Shaky Swelling Rash Body pains Tremors Numbness Fatigue Loss of appetite Insomnia Coordination loss Diagnosis Based on symptoms and detection of antibodies Antibodies against cell/tissue associated antigens are detected by immunofluorescence Antibodies against soluble antigens are normally detected ELISA or radioimmunoassay Biological and biochemical assay also used Immunological Tolerance Three present theories to explain the loss of immunological tolerance Clonal Deletion Theory- self reactive lymphnoid cells destroyed during development of immune system Clonal Anergy Theory- self reactive T or B cells become inactivated Idiotype Network Theory- network of antibodies capable of neutralizing self reactive antibodies exist naturally within the body Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity Genetic predisposition and environmental factors relevant Immunoglobulins, T cell receptors, major histoc