Southeast Asia.ppt

Southeast Asia Land Areas (in thousand km2) Mexico (1,964) Indonesia (1,905) Myanmar (677) France (643) Thailand (513) Spain (505) Vietnam (331) Malaysia (330) Italy (301) Philippines (300) U.K. (244) Laos (237) Cambodia (181) Population (in millions) U.S. (319) Indonesia (254) Mexico (120) Philippines (108) Vietnam (93) Germany (81) Thailand (68) France (66) U.K. (64) Myanmar (56) California (38) Malaysia (30) Texas (26) Laos (7) Massachusetts Singapore (6) Long history of colonialism Britain Burma, Malay, Sarawak, Brunei French Indochina Netherlands East Indies United States Philippines Southeast Asia occupied Southeast Asia State Nation Building and Political Leaders Development of States Four common challenges all states face historically or currently building a nation-state defining the role of religion establishing democracy and rule of law fostering economic development and fairness Development of States FACTORS Historical Contemporary Domestic state nation building pressures from below International imperialism globalization end of cold war Struggle for independence Japanese occupation (1941-1945) Colonial powers return (1945-early 1950s) Charismatic political leaders in the struggle for independence Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh Indonesia: Sukarno Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew Burma: Aung San Their legacies Leaders of the independence movements Negotiations with colonial powers Charisma popularity among public Long periods of authoritarian rule Today their political successors still play important roles in respective countries Ho Chi Minh President of north Vietnam 1945 - 1969 Ho’s successors in the Communist Party of Vietnam Sukarno Indonesian President (1949-66) Sukarno’s daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri Vice-President (1999 - 2001) President (2001 - 2004) of Indonesia Lee Kuan Yew Prime Minister of Singapore (1959 - 90) His chosen successor: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990 - 2004) His son: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (2004-) Aung